Петербургский литературовед и комментатор комедии А.С. Грибоедова «Горе от ума» С.А. Фомичев отметил, что в рассказе И.А. Бунина «Чистый понедельник» в последний вечер своей светской жизни героиня вдруг решает отыскать на Ордынке дом Грибоедова. С точки зрения ученого, Бунин наверняка знал сохраненное современником следующее свидетельство о драматурге:
«Он находил особое наслаждение в посещениях храмов Божьих. Кроме христианского долга, он привлекаем был туда особенным чувством патриотизма. "Любезный друг! — говорил он мне, — только в храмах Божьих собираются русские люди; думают и молятся по-русски. В русской церкви я в отечестве, в России! Меня приводит в умиление мысль, что те же молитвы читаны были при Владимире, Димитрии Донском, Мономахе, в Ярославле, в Киеве, Новегороде, Москве; что то же пение трогало их сердца, те же чувства одушевляли набожные души. Мы русские только в церкви, — а я хочу быть русским!.."».
Задание 3.1
Какие потенциальные значения открывает этот комментарий к тексту? Сформулируйте один или несколько тезисов интерпретации рассказа на основании комментария С.А. Фомичева.
Задание 3.2
Предложите ваш вариант задания или вопроса, которые можно дать ученикам, с использованием комментария С.А. Фомичева к одному из эпизодов рассказа И.А. Бунина «Чистый понедельник».
Этот комментарий к тексту помогает лучше понять образ главной героини, которая неожиданно для героя, но не для читателя и автора уходит в монастырь. Героиня не просто решает отыскать на Ордынке дом Грибоедова, она знает о любви писателя к храмам, многовековой истории русского народа, душе русской, что объясняет не сиюминутность её жизненного выбора, а продуманность.
Задание 3.2.
«— Откуда вы это знаете? Рипиды, трикирии!
— Это вы меня не знаете.
— Не знал, что вы так религиозны.
— Это не религиозность. Я не знаю что... Но я, например, часто хожу по утрам или по вечерам, когда вы не таскаете меня по ресторанам, в кремлевские соборы, а вы даже и не подозреваете этого... Так вот: диаконы — да какие! Пересвет и Ослябя! И на двух клиросах два хора, тоже все Пересветы: высокие, могучие, в длинных черных кафтанах, поют, перекликаясь, — то один хор, то другой, — и все в унисон, и не по нотам, а по «крюкам». А могила была внутри выложена блестящими еловыми ветвями, а на дворе мороз, солнце, слепит снег... Да нет, вы этого не понимаете! Идем...»
Как по смыслу соотносятся комментарий С.А. Фомичева и приведённый эпизод рассказа И.А. Бунина «Чистый понедельник»?
А всяк ли русский тот, кто ходит в церковь?!
Даже не читая рассказа целиком, можно наметить тематические линии из эпизода: великую набожность русского народа (преемственное качество, отличительное), вера в Бога как духовная скрепа всей русской истории и русской нации. А также идею о особой роли Руси в мировой истории (с опорой на православие).
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